Stratovolcanoes Term Papers

Stratovolcanoes are symmetrical cones “built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and bombs and may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases.” Most of these structures have “a crater at the summit which contains a central vent or a clustered group of vents. Lavas either flow through breaks in the crater wall or issue from fissures on the flanks of the cone. Lava, solidified within the fissures, forms dikes that act as ribs which greatly strengthen the cone.  The essential feature of a composite volcano is a conduit system through which magma from a reservoir deep in the Earth's crust rises to the surface. The volcano is built up by the accumulation of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders, ash, etc., are added to its slopes.”

Much of the magma produced by stratovolcanoes (and much of their structural components) is andesite, a composite usually between 52 and 63 weight percent silica (silicon dioxide or ordinary sand). “Andesite magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows, some reaching several km in length. Much of the magma produced by stratovolcanoes (and much of their structural components) is andesite, a composite usually between 52 and 63 weight percent silica (silicon dioxide or ordinary sand).   “Andesite magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows, some reaching several km in length. Andesite magma can also generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows and surges and enormous eruption columns. Andesites erupt at temperatures between 900 and 1100° C.”

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