Saddam Hussein's Leadership Research Papers

On August 2, 1990, Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, invaded the state of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf.  Exactly a decade earlier, in September of 1980, Iraq went to war against Iran.  The prevailing notion had always been that the genesis of these wars was in Saddam Hussein’s violent, megalomaniac character.  Indeed, Hussein’s regime has been one of terror, claiming millions of lives and undertaking acts of cruelty both against foreigners as well as against his own people.  But although Saddam’s cruelty was brought to bear against his victims and their supporters during the course of both these wars, Hussein did not embark on these military campaigns because he is “bad,” “evil” or “cruel.”  Rather, he had embarked on them in order to protect his regime.  At the end of the day, it is the goal of a leader to stay in power; in third world, dictatorial regimes such as Hussein’s Iraq, this goal only becomes more manifest.

Many alternative explanations have been suggested to support the notion that Saddam had gone to war only because he is the very manifestation of evil.  These include explanations that position Saddam as having exploited offensive realism and economic crisis in order to support his warring cause. And, there is no contention that Saddam is cruel, and that he rules with fear as his weapon.  Saddam has been leading a campaign of genocide against the Kurds of the North for many years.  He has built up a Gestapo-like organization known as the “Fedayeen” to spy and report on his own military commanders and government officials.  And stories of his atrocities across the Middle East abound – from executions of Shia’ fundamentalists in the cities of Najaf and Karbala in 1980, to vigilante-like executions of Egyptians upon the return of Iraqi soldiers to their farms following the Iran-Iraq war, to the use of biological weapons to subdue the Iranians (Ajami), as well as the use of chemical weapons in Iraq’s war against the United States in 1990-1991.

But when Saddam had subjected his country to all-out war, it was only out of fear that a true threat to his regime had risen.  In what follows, this part first provide support for this assertion.  Then, in Part III, a brief overview of the two wars is presented.  Part IV analyzes the consequences of the Iran-Iraq and the Gulf War – on Iraq, on its opponents, on the region, as well as on Saddam himself.  Part V concludes and Part VI presents a list of references.

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