Public Policy and the HPV Vaccination Term Papers

Research paper that addresses PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES SURROUNDING "Compulsory/Mandatory Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination."

PART ONE of your Public Policy and the HPV Vaccination Term Paper should follow the eight steps found in Eugene Bardach's "The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving." Include a very brief introduction. Those eight steps are:

1) DEFINE THE PROBLEM: Crucial step, reason to do work, sense of direction Think in terms of deficits and excess; use to word “too”
What private trouble warrants definition as a public problem?
Market failure, breakdown of system, equity reasons Quantify how big “too” is Conditions that cause problems are also problems Missing an opportunity is also a problem: Be proactive Common Pitfalls: Do not define solution into problem, be skeptical about causal claims

2) ASSEMBLE SOME EVIDENCE: More thinking, less hustling of data Collect data that can be turned into information that can be used as evidence Evidence affects the existing beliefs of important people Think before collecting (seldom do because easier to gather and look productive) Is data useful? (1. Implication for understanding problem solution, 2. How much different than best guess, 3. How much is it worth to confirm hypothesis with
data.)
Do literature review and survey other best practices Use analogies of similar programs (newspaper, bottle recycling) Get info requests out early (now) Touch base often to gain credibility and broker consensus (you as
partner/facilitator)
Do not ignore those who disagree

3) CONSTRUCT THE ALTERNATIVE: Start comprehensive, end up focused Include politically considered, invent new alternatives, let present continue Model the causal system in which problem is located Reduce and simplify list of alternatives (catchy phrase) Bounce new alternatives off interested stakeholders Alternative term use ambiguously

4) SELECT THE CRITERIA: Evaluative plot to your story, previous was the analytical Only use evaluative criteria to evaluate alternatives, not other criteria Criteria used
Efficiency: maximize net benefits, maximize sum of individual happiness Willingness to pay based upon current resources Cost effectiveness and B/C analyses
Equity: need to think hard about these and take your audience through Thinking Weighting conflicting criteria: let client choose, let analyst choose (education process going both ways) Practical criteria used Legality Not political unacceptability: too much opposition and/or too little support
Robustness: great in theory, but what about practice Do wish to maximize result according to a certain criteria, or is it more of a satifisying result we desire

5) PROJECT THE OUTCOME: Hardest part, but need to do it Be realistic (avoid temptation of optimism) Projection as result of modeling and evidence Specific magnitudes whenever possible Break even estimates (we need 2 million tires a year in program to make it
success)
Think about scenarios that can cause proposal to fail Other guy’s shoes (what could cause to fail) Ethical cost as policy analysts with too much optimism Carefully crafted outcomes matrix

6) CONFRONT THE TRADE-OFFS: Not likely that any alternative dominates Marginal analysis (use the word “extra” often”
Need to project outcomes in order to confront tradeoffs Eliminate alternatives that are clearly dominated by others Compare alternatives to base status quo

7) DECIDE: Pretend that you are the decision maker Convince yourself of plausibility, before others If such a great idea, why not in place (ways to overcome

8) TELL YOUR STORY: Know your audience
Taxi driver test
Logical narrative flow
Pitfalls: compulsive qualifying, showing too much work, listing without explaining, avoid pomposity or chatty style

All sources used should be from 2003 or newer and professionaly based/peer reviewed journal articles, books, etc.

PART TWO of your Public Policy and the HPV Vacciantion Term Paper will be a one-page ABSTRACT. A one-page constraint will prompt you to author a very well-focused demonstration of your work leading to your recommendation. This abstract should be divided into five-sections as follows:

1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
2. MAJOR EVIDENCE SOURCES
3. KEY FINDINGS & SOULTIONS
4. ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS & TRADE-OFFS
5. RECOMMENDATION

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