Acute myleoid Leukemia Research Papers

Acute myleoid Acute myleoid Leukemia is a cancer of the blood which is heterogenous in nature, making it rather difficult to consistently treat. A rare subtype of acute myeloid Acute myleoid Leukemia, acute promyelocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia is characterized by a differentiation block at the promyelocytic stage and by a reciprocal translocation affecting chromosomes 15 and 17 . As such, acute promeylocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia  has not received as much attention as acute myeloid Acute myleoid Leukemia, and had not, until relatively recently, received the kind of research necessary to find effective treatments. This rare blood cancer had been universally fatal until 1985. Since that point, this rare form of cancer has experienced a significant boost in research and treatment. This paper will examine the chromosomal abnormalities which make up acute promyelocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia, current treatments, and current research into acute promyelocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia. The point of the examination is to provide a greater level of understanding into this form of cancer.

In this type of Acute myleoid Leukemia, bone marrow cells that should mature into certain types of white blood cells become arrested while still immature. This occurs when the gene responsible for retinoic acid receptors (RAR), which modulate cellular development and differentiation, dislocates and becomes attached to a different chromosome . This cancer is associated with abnormal bleeding in the skin, renal and gastrointestinal tracts, and the retina. This abnormal bleeding can also occur in the brain and has been identified as the cause of death of 10-40% of patients with acute promyelocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia . As such, this disease had, as was mentioned previously, been uncurable or untreatable until the introduction of ATRA treatments.

Acute promeylocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia is characterized by molecular abnormalities along the receptors of chromosomes 15 and 17. At is chromosomal base, acute promyelocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia is associated with “chromosomal translocations involving the RAR locus. In 99% of acute promeylocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia cases, RAR is fused to the PML gene [which regulates hemopoletic differentiation and controls cell growth and tomorigenesis], leading to the production of a PML-RAR [Alpha] chimeric protein,” . Acute promyelocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia cells contain reciprocal translocation involving the long arms of both chromosomes, which is found in nearly all cases of APL. [The translocation involves the retinoic acid receptor [alpha] gene on chromosome 17 and the promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene on chromosome 15 . As the PML gene is, in effect, disabled, tumors are able to form and grow unchecked in the acute promeylocytic Acute myleoid Leukemia patients.  PML is needed for the RA-dependent transactivation of the gene which regulates cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation . When PML is disabled, the body is unable to suppress tumors. The effect also is a reduction in the blood’s ability to coagulate which makes patients more susceptible to bruising, lengthy periods of bleeding, and greater danger from injuries in general.

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A research paper is an in-depth examination of Acute myleoid Leukemia. More than just an overview of what was learned on Acute myleoid Leukemia, like a term paper is, a research paper contains analysis of Acute myleoid Leukemia along the lines of organizational theory and relevant published material. Research papers are highly analytical and can often be more than 8 to 10 pages. The key to a good research project is the examination of recently published journal articles and peer-reviewed material on the Acute myleoid Leukemia chosen. Like the name implies, research papers are exactly that, a paper that examines the information that can be found on Acute myleoid Leukemia.