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The 16th century Iyoba Pendant Mask that is displayed in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art is carved from ivory. It also contains pieces of inlaid metal and elaborate coral carvings. The mask is extremely symmetrical and balanced. Nelson A. Rockefeller gave it to the Museum as a gift in 1972.
Unfortunately, some of the necklace portion is damaged, probably because of age and the fragility of the coral. Interestingly, another mask that is quite similar to this one is also displayed in the British Museum in London.
The mask represents the face of a woman in great detail. By examining her hair style, for example, one can see how much effort and skill the artist put into carving out hundreds of tiny, detailed tufts. The artist also demonstrated a great deal of care and patience in carving out the intricate, raised white coral ornaments on the top of the woman’s head, as well as on her elaborate ornamental necklace. Creating the gaps in her necklace certainly took an exceptional amount of skill, since coral is quite fragile and is not an easy substance with which to work.
This mask is unique for several reasons. Women were not routinely portrayed in the art of the Benin people, for example. Yet this particular mask clearly represents the face of an actual woman. Scholars of Nigerian art guess that the artist made this mask for the Oba Esigre. He was the king, or oba, of the Benin tribe of Nigeria during the 16th century, and scholars believe that Oba Esigre actually commissioned the artist to create this mask so that he could commemorate his late mother, who was named Idia.
Another reason that this piece is unusual is because, even though it is definitely a mask, it is much too small to actually be worn as a mask to cover the face; it only measures about 9.5 inches high. Instead, it is designed to be worn as a necklace or pendant. It is similar to a cameo, in this respect.
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