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The Cold War was a prolonged period of strive and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as allies of those countries, that began shortly after the end of World War II. After WWII, both the USSR and Soviet Union considered themselves global superpowers. This put the two countries in direct competition with each other. Differences between economic ideals also created tension between the two countries. The United States was distrustful and often fearful of communism. This perspective caused the US to enter a strategy of containment that would prevent communism from spreading to other countries while simultaneously blocking trade that would allow the Soviet Union to prosper. Containment lead to numerous conflicts around the world, including the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan and his advisers created a doctrine that would put increased military and financial pressure on the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachov made numerous changes to the soviet system in an attempt to keep the country strong, but these changes were largely ineffective. The two countries continued to face each other on a global scale with the threat of a global nuclear war. Each side continued to amass more weapons, ensuring mutual destruction in the event of war.
The Cold War officially ended in 1991 when the Soviet Union announced that it had dissolved.