Entering Vietnam Term Papers

During World War II, the Japanese invaded what was known as French Indochina.  The Vietnamese, under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh, resisted the Japanese occupation with the help of the American government and the OSS (forerunner to the CIA).

After the defeat of Japan, this region was returned to French control.  Almost immediately, however, the Vietnamese people revolted under the direction of the communist Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh.  On the very same day that the Japanese surrendered, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence.

Ho Chi Minh wrote several letters to the President Truman, and several OSS officers who had worked with the Viet Minh recommended that the US recognize this new independent Vietnam.  But under the President’s “Truman Doctrine” for containing communism, as well as his need for stabile alliances against the Soviet Union, the United States supported French efforts to retake their former colony.

In 1949, communists took control of China.  The following year both China and the Soviet Union officially recognized Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnam.  Critics in the United States charged President Truman with being “soft” on communism, and the President decided to take a harder line against communist regimes in Southeast Asia.  The United States moved quickly to intervene in Korea, and American support for the French was strengthened.  Cold War politics dictated that the US had to recognize the French puppet emperor, Bao Dai.

By mid-1954, Presidents Truman and Eisenhower had provided more than $2 billion in military assistance to the French in what would prove to be a losing effort.  President Eisenhower argued that such support was necessary to prevent a domino effect in Southeast Asia.  He said, “You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly.”  What President Eisenhower meant was that if Vietnam “fell” to the communists, then Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Burma would soon “fall” as well.

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