The Commonwealth According to Hobbes Term Papers

In Hobbes’ Leviathan, the person who is chosen to act on behalf of the multitude “is called sovereign and said to have sovereign power; and everyone besides his subject” (XVII, 112).  This sovereign’s authority comes from two sources.  The first is natural force, which entails the sovereign ordering children and enemies of war to comply with his government or face loosing their lives.  Hobbes refers to a commonwealth ruled by this type of sovereign as a commonwealth of acquisition.  The second source of a sovereign’s power comes when “men agree amongst themselves, to submit to some man or assembly of men, voluntarily” (XVII, 113).  Hobbes refers to this type of commonwealth as a political commonwealth or a commonwealth by institution.

In theory, Thomas Hobbes feels that the sovereign should be a noble man that must be held accountable for his actions.  The method of accountability that Hobbes describes is one similar to that used by the United States government, a system of checks and balances.  The sovereign, no matter what type of multitude he governs, has been entrusted with the task of securing the safety of his people.  He is expected to be truthful, honest and impartial.  “For in the sovereignty is the fountain of honor” (XVIII, 120).  In a commonwealth, the sovereign is an honorable man.

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