Child Abuse Term Papers

Violence against children has been manifested in every conceivable manner: physically, emotionally, through neglect, by sexual exploitation and by child labor.  Of these forms of maltreatment, the four most common types of abuse include: physical, emotional, neglect and sexual abuse.  Physical abuse is defined as the mistreatment of a child that causes physical injury, impairment, or endangerment.  Emotional abuse is divided into: close confinement (which is a restriction of movement such as binding or tying); verbal assault, which includes habitual patterns of belittling, denigrating or other forms of rejecting treatment; and other abuse which is overtly punitive, exploitative or abusive.  Neglect is divided into seven groups including: refusal of health care; delay in healthcare; abandonment or desertion; expulsion or blatant refusal to care for a child; custody-related issues, such as repeatedly leaving a child with others; inadequate supervision; and other physical neglect such as inadequate nutrition.  Finally, sexual abuse is divided into three groups.  These include: intrusion, which means evidence of actual penile penetration; molestation, which includes genital contact without intrusion; and other sexual abuse, which includes acts such as fondling or inappropriate supervision of a child’s sexual activities.

Perhaps what is most startling is that child abuse in the United States, the most developed country in the world, is skyrocketing.  In 1996, an estimated 3,126,000 children were reported to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies as alleged victims of child maltreatment.  This number represents an increase of approximately 45 percent since 1987.  Although neglect represents a majority of the cases reported (62 percent), other forms of child abuse are prevalent: physical abuse (25 percent), sexual abuse (7 percent) and emotional maltreatment/other (7 percent).

Recounting what was perhaps one of the most horrific incidents of child abuse, David Pelzer, in his book A Child Called “It” describes three of the most common forms of child abuse: physical, emotional and neglect, with great detail.  In describing the physical torture inflicted upon him by his mother Pelzer writes: “Gripping my arm, Mother held it in the orange-blue flame. My skin seemed to explode from the heat. I could smell the scorched hairs from my burnt arm".  Further describing the emotional torture, which his mother enacted upon him, Pelzer describes how he was systematically ostracized from his family.

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