Causes of Autism Research Papers

The exact cause of autism is unknown.  However, research suggests that it probably has an organic origin, and there seems to be a genetic factor involved.  This is supported by case histories which reveal that if one of a set of monozygotic twins has autism, the other is likely to develop it also.  But due to the greatly varying severity of symptoms, it may be difficult to establish a genetic link. It is also possible that autism is the result of any number of genetic disorders.  Research demonstrates that individuals with autism are more likely to suffer from fragile X syndrome, phenylketonuria (PKU) and tuberous sclerosis.  While these studies are correlational and, therefore, do not necessarily imply cause-and-effect associations between the various anomalies and autism, they do lend support to the theory of genetic linking.

Another possible source for autism is that it may be the result of neurological abnormalities.  One study indicates that individuals with autism have a smaller number of Pukinje cells and a smaller number of cells in lobes VI and VII of the brain. Additional studies suggest that autism may be caused by lesions in the medial temporal lobe of the brain.  Monkeys with such lesions show symptoms characteristic of autism in that they appear withdrawn and lack eye contact.  Autopsies of people with autism reveal a decrease in brain cells in the limbic region, thus supporting the hypothesis of brain lesion etiology.  Other research that malformations of the cerebral cortex, particularly in the parietal lobe, may cause autism . Individuals who have had strokes in this area of the brain often develop autistic-like symptoms, such as a blank stare.

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