Augustine's City of God Term Papers
This Augustine's City of God term paper attempts to analyze selected passages from Augustine’s City of God. There are, Augustine believed, two cities that, since Cain’s time, have coexisted on the earth, the city of man and the city of God. They are not cities in a geographic sense; neither has a specific location on earth. But every man and woman on earth is a member of one or the other of these cities and one’s status as a member of one or another of the two cities is of vital importance. For one of the most important differences between the two cities is eschatological; at the time of the “second death” the city of man will come to an end (…for it will no longer be a city when it has been committed to perpetual pains…”), but the city of God will endure eternally.
What differentiates the members of the two cities? Augustine answers this question in a fundamentally Platonic way, “The one [the city of man] consist of those who wish to live after the flesh, the other [the city of God] of those who wish to live after the spirit.” Here Augustine is endorsing the ontological hierarchy of the Platonists and Neoplatonists. In that hierarchy the spirit is, by virtue of its closer proximity to the nature of God, more “real” than is matter. It is the task of man to overcome the material and to seek after the spiritual. It is noteworthy, however, that Augustine is careful not to carry the spirit-flesh dichotomy too far. He states that it is evil to live after the flesh, but that “…the nature of flesh is not itself evil…”. He thereby avoids straying into heretical territory, Gnosticism, which held that all matter is inherently evil.
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