Acidification on Freshwater Research Papers

Inland bodies of water in the U.S. are so commonplace, people pass by them every day with no awareness of the delicate natural balance contained in each lake, pond, river or stream. The biotic community is utterly dependent upon the abiotic components of the system, such as light, temperature, inorganic compounds, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. Changes in this natural balance can be wrought by a variety of factors, natural and man-made. The purpose of this paper is to explore the chemical balance necessary to support active and healthy aquatic food webs in freshwater and the damages wrought when the acidic levels are out of balance.
More than 50 percent of known chemical elements, along with traces of most others, can be found in natural waters. Land animals eliminate nitrogen waste products through their kidneys, but fish rely on their gills for this function, excreting primarily ammonia into the water.
In addition to the chemical contributions of aquatic animals, plant life plays an important role. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide into a food source, releases oxygen into the water, and removes nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia, nitrates, and urea. The dissolved oxygen produced by photosynthesis is the most important chemical parameter in aquaculture. Without it, life would cease to exist. Not only do fish, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton consume large quantities of oxygen, the decomposition of algae, bacteria and fish waste comprise the single greatest consumers of oxygen in aquaculture systems.
Plant life must be sustained in order to control levels of carbon dioxide, which, if too high, hinder the utilization of oxygen. Imbalance in the carbon dioxide and oxygen levels causes extreme fluctuation in the pH balance of natural water. On a pH scale, a value of 7 is considered neutral, while anything below 7 is considered acidic.

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